Responsibility of a Good Citizen

Long before, men lived in caves like animals. They liked living alone. They hunted wild animals and fish for their eating. It is because of these habits, they are called savages. Men realized that living together was safer and better. At fist, they lived in families, and then in tribes, later, they settled along the banks of rivers. Bit by bit, there grew town, small and large. Some took fertile lands to cultivate them, some became bricklayers, some become shoemaker and some became solders. They stared doing something for one another.

 As men became cultured, as societies grew larger, men started looking for new professions and occupations. It was the result of their collective efforts that many more professions developed. Gradually, men thought to have a safer and happier life, for this purpose, laws were made. Today we have almost every sort of people, such as, doctors, engineers, artistes, writer, and policeman. They are doing something for their fellow-men.

Have you ever thought that how many things or services you use in one day?
Milkman brings milk for us and keeps cattle for our benefit. Baker bakes bread, printer prints our book, drivers drive bus in which we go to school or place of work, doctor treat the sick, teacher teaches pupils at school. Workers and engineers run mill which weaves cloth we wear. Shopkeeper sells articles of daily use; traffic police regulates the traffic so that we may travel without any fear of accidents. It is only possible in organized society.

Primitive man did live far form river. They took it to hunt fish and use to drink its water. We now turn on the tap and fresh water flow out. We press the switch and light come on. The cleaning of the streets and removal of filth and garbage are only possible in organized society. Telegraph, telephone and train are all benefits of collective efforts, and then TV and radio give us both enjoyment and instruction.

We must repay society for all these gifts. If a shopkeeper gives shot measure and sells sub-standard good, he must be prepared to get the same treatment from others. If a milkman maxes water in milk, how he can expect to treat him fairly. If we ignore traffic rules, we not only put in danger other lives but our own as well.
  
 It is our responsibility to be patriotic and loyal to our countries. We must understand the problems facing our country, and cooperate with government to solve them. Most of underdeveloped countries have the same problems, for example, Poverty, illiteracy and population growth. They start programs to solve them; these programs include programs for rural development, literacy and adult education, health, sanitation, social welfare, and population planning. Education center, family and social welfare and population planning center are set up throughout the country.

Mound of the Dead (Moen-Jo-Daro)

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Pakistan is also one of the countries where ancient town have been found. Mound of the dead is called Moen-Jo-Daro in Sindhi which is a local language of Pakistan. The Moen-Jo-Daro is one of the oldest cities in the world. There few people live now, but four thousand and five hundred years ago, it was a large, busy town. Nobody knew about it until 1922, when some villages found some pieces of smooth old pots and old bricks at the place, where now stands an uncovered town. 

Sir John Marshall who was an English civil servant His work was it to look after historical remains like ancient building and other old things such as these pieces of pots and old bricks found by villagers. These things were brought to sir john. He was himself interested in history and was anxious to find out about these remains. He looked at them carefully and he at once knew that the pieces of pots are very old. And about old bricks, he said “there was once an old town. Let us dig here may be we shall found the remains of this town.

 In the result of their digging, such remains started coming up, till there appeared a city of straight road and well-build houses. Houses were made of baked bricks and had bathrooms and servant-quarters close by. Covered drains ran beside the streets. Even streets were made of baked bricks. There is a great hall where grain was storied. Carts and other forms to transport could come right to the center of the city. There was a wide road in the middle of which was a shopping center with shops on both sides. This road continues on to the houses of workmen.

 People of this city must have been great traders, with the river Indus so near and the sea within easy reach. Country-side must have been fertile since wheat, rice and cotton grew there. Farmers kept cattle. There were craftsmen who worked in gold silver and ivory. Clay dolls and carts were made for children to play with. We have an idea of dresses worn by ruling class, priests and elders from seals of many kinds have been found there.They wore long, loose dresses. 

There is a museum nearby, interesting objects fond form Moen-Jo-Daro, are on exhibition. These include jewelry, weapons, seals,toy and painted pottery. But the best find of Moen-Jo-Daro is a head of bull which was used as a seal. A statue of dancing girl and other metal tools have also been found there. It is because of these metal objects, the probable age of city is being given as about four thousand and five hundred years. 

People of this city lived a happy life, and traveled from place to place on business or on pleasure. No one knew what happed to them. Either they were raided form the north or some great earthquake destroyed them. No one has yet been able to determine the meaning of these words written on the seals and on the pottery. Much could be learnt if language experts are able to decipher these words.

Learned men and visitor come to the site. They come not only from Pakistan, but also all over the world. Their efforts will succeed in deciphering these words, and then we will know a great deal more than we do now about this dead civilization.